Strittmatter L. I., Negrón-Ortiz V., Hickey R. J., Comparative microsporangium development in male-fertile and male-sterile flowers of Consolea (Cactaceae): When and how does pollen abortion occur, Grana, 2006, 45(2):81-100, doi: 10.1080/00173130500537101
The study compares anther development in six species and tissue degeneration in functionally female flowers. It analyses the tapetum and the arrest of microsporogenesis.