Braun J., Lortie C. J., Experimental resource supplementation shifts ant-mediated defence on silver cholla, Journal of Ecology, 2025, 113(12):3550-3563, doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.70178
A two-year experiment with supplementary sugar food on Cylindropuntia echinocarpa in the Mojave. The authors analyse ants, herbivorous true bugs and seed production separately. The effectiveness of protection depends on the ant species.