Miller S. M., Fugate E. J., Oyanedel Craver V., Smith J. A., Zimmerman J. B., Toward Understanding the Efficacy and Mechanism of Opuntia spp. as a Natural Coagulant for Potential Application in Water Treatment, Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(12):4274-4279, doi: 10.1021/es7025054
A laboratory experiment on removing turbidity from a kaolin suspension using Opuntia spp. material. The authors compare doses, pH, electrolytes and processing of the raw material. Zeta potential measurements and TEM images support a mechanism of particle adsorption and bridging by polymer components.