Goldstein G., Nobel P. S., Changes in Osmotic Pressure and Mucilage during Low-Temperature Acclimation of Opuntia ficus-indica, Plant Physiology, 1991, 97(3):954-961, doi: 10.1104/pp.97.3.954
The analysis of Opuntia ficus-indica examines sugars, glycerol, mucilage and water that remains liquid during cooling. NMR measurements provide data on ice nucleation and changes in water compartments after acclimation.