Cactus anatomy and shoot organization
The succulent shoot combines water storage, photosynthesis, transport and plant support. Its structure becomes understandable when internal tissues are related to areoles, ribs and growing regions.
10 min read
Cactaceae • botany • collectionsCactus biology.
Cactus biology.
Atlas and cultivation.
Anatomy, physiology and evolution of Cactaceae and their implications for cultivation. Articles based on scientific literature and collectors' materials.
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Cacti and other succulents. Relationship and a shared strategy
Genus monograph
Astrophytum
Six species, two subspecies and variation in horticultural forms. Morphology, habitats, research and the author's cultivation experience.
Genus monograph
Ariocarpus
Species and subspecies, their habitats, structure, propagation and cultivation. Contractile roots, seed biology and research findings described under the appropriate taxa.
Atlas and comparative materials
Structure, names and practice
7448 plants in the atlas · 21 diagrams · 8 procedure descriptions
160 thematic articles14 species profiles23 diagrams and plates
Anatomy and physiologyStructure and function
Structure and function
of cacti.
Tissue functions, water balance and organ development. Explanations connect plant observations with research findings and cultivation conditions.
Physiology / 9 minAnatomy Techniki
CAM photosynthesis and carbon balance
Night-time CO₂ fixation, malic acid storage and effects of temperature and drought on daily metabolism.
Read articleFormation and durability of the graft union
A durable graft physiologically connects scion and rootstock. Wound response, contact between living tissues and restoration of conducting pathways allow shared management of water, minerals and photosynthetic products.
7 min readTopic areas
Biology, systematics and cultivation
Cactus biology
Anatomy, physiology, flowers, inheritance and evolution.
Cactus and succulent atlasCultivation practice
Sowing, cuttings, grafting, hydroponics and in vitro culture.
Frost hardiness
Cold physiology, experimental history and overwintering in Poland.
Taxonomy
Relationships and explanations of changing names.
Diseases and pests
Identification, prevention and current uses of plant protection products.
Scientific research
Brief discussions of publications and their significance.
Biotechnology and applications
Extracts, pigments, biomaterials and experimental results.
Collections and literatureHistory of cactus collecting
History of cactus collecting
in Poland
The earliest evidence of cultivation, the first Polish books, exhibitions and the history of societies. An account based on a 2010 article. [Dubielecka and Wróblewski 2010]
Read the historyFrom books and experienceLiterature and
Literature and
archival materials.
Fleischer and Schütz's “Kaktusy”, the former website and the author's materials on in vitro cultures are brought together with current research.
Explore book sources ↗We preserve the origins of knowledge
Articles include the literature and the scope of its use.
We check names
Current names, former synonyms and explicit differences between treatments.
We connect theory with observation
Mechanism diagrams and guidance for documenting plant growth.